Organized caravans, visible by the 2nd millennium BCE, could carry goods across a large distance as fodder was mostly available along the way. One of the vital instruments which facilitated long-distance trade was portage and the domestication of beasts of burden.
The period from the middle of the 2nd millennium BCE to the beginning of the Common Era saw societies in Southeast Asia, Western Asia, the Mediterranean, China, and the Indian subcontinent develop major transportation networks for trade. Long-distance trade routes were developed in the Chalcolithic Period. History Development of early routes Early development 1.2.3.5 Maritime republics' Mediterranean trade.1.2.3.4 From the Varangians to the Greek.1.2.3.1 Austronesian maritime trade network.1.2.1 Combined land and waterway routes.Innovative transportation of modern times includes pipeline transport and the relatively well-known trade involving rail routes, automobiles, and cargo airlines. This activity was sometimes carried out without traditional protection of trade and under international free-trade agreements, which allowed commercial goods to cross borders with relaxed restrictions. In modern times, commercial activity shifted from the major trade routes of the Old World to newer routes between modern nation-states. During the Middle Ages, organizations such as the Hanseatic League, aimed at protecting interests of the merchants and trade became increasingly prominent. Maritime trade along the Spice Route became prominent during the Middle Ages, when nations resorted to military means for control of this influential route. Among notable trade routes was the Amber Road, which served as a dependable network for long-distance trade. Allowing goods to reach distant markets, a single trade route contains long-distance arteries, which may further be connected to smaller networks of commercial and noncommercial transportation routes.
The term can also be used to refer to trade over bodies of water. Map of Central Asia with its trade routes and movements between 128 BC to 150 ADĪ trade route is a logistical network identified as a series of pathways and stoppages used for the commercial transport of cargo.
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